In recent years, with the continuous development of nanotechnology and oilfield development technology, nanomaterials have been widely used in water shutoff and profile control agents and have achieved varying degrees of development. This article reviews the research progress and latest achievements of nanomaterials in water shutoff and profile control from four aspects: foam, polymer gel, emulsion, and superfine cement slurry, and analyzes the use of nanomaterials in water shutoff and profile control agents. The mechanism of action and its influence on the law. It is found that after adding nanomaterials to the system, it can interact with the water shutoff profile control agent by its physical and chemical properties such as small size and large surface area so that the stability, strength, and strength of the water shutoff agent can be improved. The temperature and salt resistance is significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the water shutoff rate and oilfield recovery rate. In addition, from the perspective of water shutoff agent research and development, various problems in current research in this area are pointed out, to provide a reference for the research and application of nanomaterials in water shutoff profile control agents.